Marinate the fish fillets with soy sauce (for marinade), Shaoxing wine, cornstarch (for marinade), and white pepper. Blanch bitter melon in boiling water to reduce bitterness, then drain.
In a small bowl, combine soy sauce (for sauce), sugar, cornstarch (for sauce), and water or chicken broth. Mix well and set aside.
Heat cooking oil in a wok over medium-high heat. Add marinated fish fillets and pan-fry until lightly golden and almost cooked through. Remove fish and set aside.
In the same wok, add fermented black beans, garlic, ginger, and onion (if using). Stir-fry until fragrant. Add blanched bitter melon and stir-fry until it starts to soften.
Return the cooked fish fillets to the wok with the bitter melon. Pour in the prepared sauce. Stir-fry quickly until the sauce thickens and coats all ingredients. Serve hot with rice.
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